Gallicanism is a doctrine in the Roman Catholic Church that emphasizes the authority of local churches in France over the authority of the Pope. It advocates for the independence of the French clergy and the French monarchy in ecclesiastical matters, often leading to tensions with the Vatican. This movement emerged during the Middle Ages and gained prominence during the French Revolution. The term is derived from Gallica, the Latin name for France. Gallicanism played a significant role in shaping the relationship between the French state and the Church, influencing various church policies and practices throughout French history.