Fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins produced by certain molds, particularly Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum. These toxins commonly contaminate crops, especially maize (corn), and can pose health risks to both humans and animals when ingested. Exposure to fumonisins has been linked to various health issues, including esophageal cancer and neurotoxic effects in animals. Regulatory agencies monitor fumonisin levels in food products to ensure safety, as these toxins can disrupt cellular processes and contribute to disease.