The Fulani Empire, also known as the Fulani Jihad, was a significant Islamic state in West Africa during the 19th century. It emerged from a series of religious movements led by Usman dan Fodio, who sought to reform Islam and establish a more unified Muslim society. The empire expanded rapidly, encompassing parts of present-day Nigeria, Niger, and Cameroon. The empire was characterized by its strong emphasis on education, trade, and agriculture. It played a crucial role in the spread of Islam across the region and established a network of Islamic schools and mosques. The Fulani people, known for their pastoral lifestyle, became influential in the political and cultural landscape of West Africa.