The French Revolution of 1848 was a significant political upheaval in France that led to the establishment of the Second Republic. It began in February when widespread discontent over economic hardship and political repression sparked protests. The monarchy of King Louis-Philippe was overthrown, and a provisional government was formed, promising reforms and universal male suffrage. The revolution inspired similar movements across Europe, known as the Springtime of Nations. However, the new republic faced challenges, including social unrest and economic difficulties. By December 1848, Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte was elected president, eventually leading to the establishment of the Second Empire in 1852.