The French Constitutional Council is an essential institution in France that ensures the constitutionality of laws. Established in 1958, it reviews legislation before it is enacted and can also assess the constitutionality of existing laws when challenged in court. The Council consists of nine members, appointed for a nine-year term, including former presidents of the republic. It plays a crucial role in safeguarding the principles of the French Constitution and protecting individual rights, ensuring that laws align with the nation's fundamental legal framework.