Frederick II was the Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg from 1732 until his death in 1772. He was born on December 25, 1691, and was a member of the House of Saxe-Gotha. Frederick II is known for his efforts to modernize his duchy, promoting education and the arts, and he played a significant role in the cultural development of the region. During his reign, Frederick II established the University of Gotha and supported various scientific endeavors. He was also involved in the political affairs of the Holy Roman Empire, navigating the complexities of alliances and conflicts during his time. His leadership contributed to the stability and growth of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.