The "Fourth Polish Republic" refers to a proposed political concept in Poland that emerged after the fall of communism in 1989. It aims to establish a new political order characterized by democratic governance, economic reforms, and a strong national identity. This idea contrasts with the previous three republics, each representing different historical periods in Poland's governance. The term gained prominence during the presidency of Lech Kaczyński and the Law and Justice Party (PiS), which advocated for a more conservative and nationalist approach to politics. Supporters of the Fourth Polish Republic envision a society rooted in traditional values, while critics argue it may lead to increased polarization and challenges to democratic institutions.