A food preservative is a substance added to food to prevent spoilage and extend its shelf life. These preservatives can inhibit the growth of bacteria, molds, and yeasts, which can cause food to decay. Common types of preservatives include salt, sugar, and vinegar, as well as synthetic options like sodium benzoate and sorbic acid. Preservatives are important in the food industry because they help maintain the quality and safety of products during storage and transportation. By slowing down the natural processes of decomposition, they allow consumers to enjoy food that remains fresh for longer periods, reducing waste and ensuring availability.