The First Balkan War took place from October 1912 to May 1913, involving the Balkan League, which included Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria, and Montenegro. The war aimed to drive the Ottoman Empire out of its remaining European territories. The conflict began when the Balkan states attacked the Ottomans, achieving significant territorial gains. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of London in May 1913, which established new borders in the region. However, disputes over the division of the conquered lands, particularly in Macedonia, led to tensions among the victorious Balkan states, setting the stage for the Second Balkan War.