Filipino nationalism is a movement that emphasizes pride in the Philippines and its culture, history, and identity. It emerged during the late 19th century as a response to colonial rule, particularly against Spanish and later American domination. Nationalists sought to promote the idea of a unified nation and the rights of Filipinos to self-determination. Key figures in Filipino nationalism include José Rizal, whose writings inspired many to fight for independence, and Andres Bonifacio, who founded the Katipunan, a revolutionary society. The movement played a crucial role in the struggle for independence, leading to the eventual establishment of the Philippine Republic.