Field beans are a type of legume, specifically belonging to the species Vicia faba. They are commonly grown as a cover crop or for animal feed due to their high protein content and ability to improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. These beans can be harvested for human consumption as well, often used in soups, stews, and salads. Field beans are typically sown in the spring and can thrive in various soil types, making them a versatile crop for farmers.