Fetal distress refers to signs that a fetus is not receiving enough oxygen during pregnancy or labor. This condition can be detected through changes in the fetal heart rate, which may become too fast or too slow. Healthcare providers monitor these heart rate patterns to assess the well-being of the fetus. Causes of fetal distress can include umbilical cord problems, such as compression or knots, maternal health issues, or complications during labor. If fetal distress is identified, medical interventions may be necessary to ensure the safety of both the fetus and the mother, potentially leading to a cesarean section if needed.