Fertile soil is a type of soil that is rich in nutrients and organic matter, making it ideal for growing plants. It contains essential elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are crucial for plant growth. Fertile soil also has good structure, allowing for proper drainage and aeration, which helps roots access water and air. The fertility of soil can be enhanced through practices such as crop rotation, cover cropping, and the addition of compost or manure. These methods improve soil health and increase its ability to support diverse plant life, contributing to sustainable agriculture and food production.