Female infertility refers to the inability of a woman to conceive after trying for at least one year. It can result from various factors, including hormonal imbalances, structural issues in the reproductive system, or age-related decline in fertility. Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis can also contribute to infertility. Diagnosis typically involves medical history assessments, physical examinations, and tests like blood work or imaging studies. Treatment options vary and may include lifestyle changes, medications, or assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Understanding the underlying causes is essential for effective management.