Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects cloven-hoofed animals, such as cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. It causes foot-and-mouth disease, characterized by fever and painful blisters in the mouth and on the feet, leading to significant economic losses in livestock industries. FMDV belongs to the family Picornaviridae and is classified into seven serotypes: A, O, C, Asia 1, and the Southern African Territories (SAT) 1, 2, and 3. Control measures include vaccination and strict biosecurity protocols to prevent outbreaks, as the virus can spread rapidly through direct contact and contaminated materials.