Aphthovirus is a genus of viruses known to cause foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in livestock, particularly in cattle, sheep, and pigs. This highly contagious virus can lead to significant economic losses in the agricultural sector due to its impact on animal health and trade restrictions. The virus is characterized by its small size and RNA genome. It spreads through direct contact between infected animals or indirectly via contaminated equipment, feed, or clothing. Vaccination is a common preventive measure, but outbreaks can still occur, necessitating strict biosecurity protocols to control its spread.