Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a medical treatment that provides temporary support for patients with severe heart and lung problems. It works by removing blood from the body, oxygenating it, and then returning it to the bloodstream. This process helps maintain oxygen levels and supports organ function while the underlying condition is treated. ECMO is often used in critical care settings, such as during cardiac surgery or for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It can be a life-saving option for individuals whose lungs or heart are not functioning adequately, allowing time for recovery or other interventions.