Cardiac surgery is a medical procedure that involves operations on the heart or blood vessels. It is often performed to treat conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart valve problems, or congenital heart defects. Surgeons may use techniques like bypass surgery or valve repair to improve heart function and blood flow. Patients typically undergo cardiac surgery in a hospital setting, often requiring general anesthesia. Recovery can vary, but many patients stay in the hospital for several days and may need weeks to fully heal. The goal of the surgery is to enhance the quality of life and reduce the risk of heart-related complications.