Respiratory failure occurs when the lungs cannot provide enough oxygen to the body or remove carbon dioxide effectively. This condition can result from various issues, including lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, or injuries that affect breathing. There are two main types of respiratory failure: hypoxemic, where oxygen levels are low, and hypercapnic, where carbon dioxide levels are high. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, confusion, and rapid breathing. Treatment often involves supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation to support breathing.