European swordsmanship refers to the martial arts techniques and practices developed in Europe, primarily during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. It encompasses various styles and schools, each with its own methods for using swords, such as the longsword, rapier, and sabre. These techniques were often documented in treatises by masters like Johannes Liechtenauer and Fiore dei Liberi. The training in European swordsmanship focused on both offensive and defensive maneuvers, emphasizing footwork, timing, and distance. Practitioners learned to engage in one-on-one combat, often in duels or tournaments, and the skills were essential for knights and soldiers in battle. Today, historical European martial arts (HEMA) enthusiasts study and practice these techniques to preserve this rich cultural heritage.