European monarchies are systems of government where a king or queen serves as the head of state. These monarchs often have ceremonial roles, representing their countries at official events. Some monarchies, like those in United Kingdom and Sweden, are constitutional, meaning their powers are limited by law and they share authority with elected officials. Other monarchies, such as Saudi Arabia and Vatican City, have more absolute power, where the monarch has significant control over governance. European monarchies have deep historical roots, with many tracing their lineage back centuries, influencing culture, politics, and society across the continent.