The term "European Revolutions" generally refers to a series of political upheavals that occurred across Europe in the 19th century, particularly during 1848. These revolutions were driven by demands for greater political freedom, social justice, and national independence. Key events included the February Revolution in France, which led to the establishment of the Second Republic, and uprisings in the German states, Italy, and Austria. Many of these revolutions were inspired by the ideals of the French Revolution and the growing influence of liberal and nationalist movements. While some revolutions achieved temporary successes, most were ultimately suppressed, leading to a period of conservative restoration. However, they laid the groundwork for future changes in European politics and society.