The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is an international treaty established in 1950 to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. It was created by the Council of Europe and aims to ensure that member states uphold the rights outlined in the convention, which include the right to life, freedom of expression, and the right to a fair trial. The ECHR is enforced by the European Court of Human Rights, located in Strasbourg, France. Individuals can bring cases against states for violations of their rights, and the court's rulings are binding on the countries involved, promoting accountability and the rule of law across Europe.