The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is a treaty established in 1950 to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. It was created by the Council of Europe and has been ratified by 47 countries, ensuring that individuals can seek justice for violations of their rights. The ECHR includes a range of rights, such as the right to life, the prohibition of torture, and the right to a fair trial. It is enforced by the European Court of Human Rights, which hears cases brought by individuals against states that have allegedly violated their rights under the convention.