European colonies were territories controlled by European powers from the 15th to the 20th centuries. Countries like Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal established colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Americas to expand their influence and access resources. These colonies often involved the settlement of Europeans and the exploitation of local populations and resources. Colonialism led to significant cultural exchanges but also to conflicts and the imposition of foreign rule. The legacy of European colonies is still evident today, influencing global politics, economies, and cultures. Many former colonies gained independence in the mid-20th century, reshaping the world map.