European colonial powers were nations in Europe that established colonies in various parts of the world from the 15th to the 20th centuries. Major powers included Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands. These countries sought to expand their empires for resources, trade, and strategic advantages, often leading to the exploitation of indigenous populations. Colonialism significantly impacted global history, shaping economies, cultures, and political boundaries. The legacy of these powers is still evident today, as many former colonies continue to navigate the effects of colonial rule, including issues related to identity, governance, and economic development.