The Ethiopian Wars refer to a series of conflicts involving Ethiopia, primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The most notable wars include the First Italo-Ethiopian War (1895-1896), where Ethiopian forces, led by Emperor Menelik II, successfully defeated the Italian army at the Battle of Adwa, securing Ethiopian sovereignty and independence. The Second Italo-Ethiopian War (1935-1936) saw Italy, under Benito Mussolini, invade Ethiopia again. Despite initial successes, Ethiopian resistance continued, and the conflict drew international attention. Ultimately, Ethiopia was occupied until 1941, when Allied forces helped restore Emperor Haile Selassie to the throne, marking the end of the occupation.