Error Correction Codes (ECC) are techniques used to detect and correct errors in data transmission or storage. They add extra bits to the original data, allowing the system to identify and fix mistakes that may occur due to noise, interference, or hardware malfunctions. This ensures that the information remains accurate and reliable. ECC is widely used in various applications, including computer memory, data storage devices, and communication systems. By employing these codes, systems can maintain data integrity, which is crucial for tasks ranging from simple file transfers to complex operations in cloud computing and telecommunications.