Error Detection and Correction refers to techniques used in digital communication and data storage to identify and fix errors that may occur during data transmission or processing. Errors can arise from various sources, such as noise in communication channels or hardware malfunctions. By implementing specific algorithms, systems can check for inconsistencies in the data and determine if corrections are needed. Common methods for error detection include checksums, parity bits, and cyclic redundancy checks (CRC). For error correction, techniques like Hamming codes and Reed-Solomon codes are often used. These methods enhance data integrity, ensuring that information remains accurate and reliable during transfer or storage.