Enlightened Despotism refers to a form of absolute monarchy where rulers, known as enlightened despots, implement reforms based on Enlightenment principles. These monarchs sought to improve society through rational governance, promoting education, legal equality, and economic development while maintaining their power. Key figures of this movement include Frederick the Great of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia, who embraced ideas from philosophers like Voltaire and Rousseau. Although they aimed for progress, these rulers often limited political freedoms and dissent, balancing their desire for reform with the need to retain control over their states.