Enlightened despots were absolute rulers in the 18th century who embraced some ideas of the Enlightenment, a philosophical movement that emphasized reason, individualism, and progress. These monarchs sought to implement reforms that improved society, such as promoting education, legal equality, and economic development, while maintaining their own power. Notable examples of enlightened despots include Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, and Joseph II of Austria. They believed that by adopting rational policies, they could enhance the welfare of their subjects and strengthen their states, blending autocratic rule with progressive ideas.