English merchants were individuals or groups engaged in the trade of goods and services in England. They played a crucial role in the economy by buying products from producers and selling them to consumers or other businesses. These merchants often specialized in certain types of goods, such as textiles, spices, or metals, and were essential in connecting local markets with international trade routes. During the Middle Ages, English merchants began to form guilds, which were associations that regulated trade practices and protected their interests. This organization helped establish fair trading standards and provided support for members. Over time, the rise of colonialism expanded their reach, allowing them to trade with distant lands and significantly influence the economy.