Emperor Toghon Temür, also known as Yuan Dynasty's last emperor, ruled from 1333 to 1368. He was born in 1320 and was the son of Emperor Yesun Temür. His reign was marked by internal strife, economic difficulties, and the rise of the Red Turban Rebellion, which challenged the authority of the Yuan Dynasty. As the Mongol Empire weakened, Toghon Temür struggled to maintain control over China. In 1368, he fled to Mongolia as the Ming Dynasty emerged, effectively ending the Yuan Dynasty's rule in China. His reign is often seen as a period of decline for the Mongol-led dynasty.