The Red Turban Rebellion was a significant uprising in China during the 1350s, primarily against the ruling Yuan Dynasty. It was fueled by widespread discontent due to heavy taxation, famine, and social unrest. The rebels, who wore red turbans as a symbol of their movement, aimed to restore Chinese rule and end foreign domination. The rebellion played a crucial role in the decline of the Yuan Dynasty and contributed to the rise of the Ming Dynasty. Various factions emerged during the conflict, leading to a fragmented landscape of power. Ultimately, the rebellion set the stage for significant political changes in China.