Emperor Pedro II of Brazil was born on April 2, 1825, and became the second and last emperor of Brazil. He ascended to the throne at just five years old after the abdication of his father, Emperor Pedro I. His reign lasted from 1831 to 1889, during which he worked to modernize Brazil and promote education, infrastructure, and the abolition of slavery. Pedro II was known for his intelligence and dedication to his country. He traveled extensively in Europe and the United States, bringing back ideas that helped shape Brazil's development. His reign ended when a military coup led to the establishment of a republic in Brazil, resulting in his exile.