Emperor Napoleon III, born Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte in 1808, was the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte. He became the first President of France in 1848 and later declared himself Emperor in 1852, ruling until 1870. His reign is marked by significant industrial and economic growth in France, as well as the expansion of the French Empire. During his rule, Napoleon III initiated various reforms, including the modernization of Paris under the guidance of Baron Haussmann. He also engaged in foreign conflicts, such as the Franco-Prussian War, which ultimately led to his downfall and the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870.