Emperor Aurangzeb was the sixth ruler of the Mughal Empire in India, reigning from 1658 to 1707. He is known for expanding the empire to its greatest territorial extent, covering much of the Indian subcontinent. His rule marked a shift towards a more orthodox Islamic governance, which included the re-imposition of the jizya tax on non-Muslims. Aurangzeb's policies and military campaigns led to significant changes in the region, including the decline of the Mughal Empire after his death. His reign is often debated for its impact on religious tolerance and cultural diversity in India, as he was both a patron of the arts and a strict enforcer of Islamic law.