Jizya is a tax historically levied on non-Muslims living in an Islamic state. It was imposed as a form of protection and exemption from military service, allowing non-Muslims to practice their religion freely. The amount and conditions of the tax varied depending on the region and the ruling authority. The practice of jizya dates back to the early Islamic period and was often seen as a means of ensuring social order and financial support for the state. While it is less common today, jizya remains a topic of discussion in the context of Islamic law and historical governance.