Aurangzeb was the sixth Mughal emperor, ruling from 1658 to 1707. He is known for expanding the Mughal Empire to its greatest territorial extent, covering much of the Indian subcontinent. Unlike his predecessors, Aurangzeb was a devout Muslim and implemented policies that reflected his religious beliefs, which sometimes led to tensions with other communities, particularly Hindus. His reign was marked by significant military campaigns and the construction of grand monuments, including the famous Badshahi Mosque in Lahore. Despite his achievements, Aurangzeb's strict policies and focus on Islamic law contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire after his death, leading to a period of instability.