Shah Jahan was the fifth Mughal emperor of India, ruling from 1628 to 1658. He is best known for commissioning the Taj Mahal, a magnificent mausoleum built in memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Under his reign, the Mughal Empire reached its peak in terms of culture, architecture, and prosperity. Shah Jahan's rule was marked by significant architectural achievements, including the Red Fort in Delhi and the Jama Masjid. However, his reign ended in turmoil when he was overthrown by his son, Aurangzeb, and spent the last years of his life imprisoned in the Agra Fort.