Electron interactions refer to the ways in which electrons influence each other and their surrounding environment. These interactions are fundamental to understanding chemical bonding, electrical conductivity, and various physical phenomena. Electrons can repel or attract each other due to their negative charge, leading to the formation of bonds between atoms in molecules. In addition to repulsion and attraction, electrons can also interact through exchange forces, which are crucial in quantum mechanics. These interactions play a significant role in determining the properties of materials, such as metals, semiconductors, and insulators, influencing their behavior in electrical and thermal applications.