A fermion is a type of subatomic particle that follows the rules of quantum mechanics. These particles include electrons, protons, and neutrons, which are the building blocks of matter. Fermions have a property called "spin," which is a form of angular momentum. They obey the Pauli exclusion principle, meaning that no two fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously. This principle is crucial for the structure of atoms and the stability of matter. Fermions are distinct from another category of particles called bosons, which can share quantum states. While fermions make up the matter we see around us, bosons, like photons and gluons, are responsible for forces and interactions between particles. Understanding fermions helps scientists explore