Metals are solid materials that are typically hard, shiny, and malleable, making them essential in various applications. They are good conductors of heat and electricity, which is why they are widely used in electrical wiring and construction. Common metals include iron, copper, and aluminum, each with unique properties that make them suitable for different uses. The study of metals, known as metallurgy, involves understanding their physical and chemical properties, as well as how to extract and process them. Metals can be categorized into ferrous and non-ferrous types, with ferrous metals containing iron and being known for their strength and durability.