Electoral disenfranchisement refers to the systematic exclusion of individuals or groups from participating in the electoral process. This can occur through various means, such as strict voter ID laws, purging of voter rolls, or limiting access to polling places. These practices can disproportionately affect marginalized communities, including racial minorities and low-income individuals, reducing their ability to vote. Historically, electoral disenfranchisement has been used to maintain power structures and suppress opposition. Notable examples include the Jim Crow laws in the United States, which enforced racial segregation and restricted voting rights for African Americans. Addressing disenfranchisement is crucial for ensuring fair and inclusive elections.