Disenfranchisement refers to the process of denying individuals or groups the right to vote or participate in political processes. This can occur through various means, such as legal restrictions, discriminatory practices, or systemic barriers that make it difficult for certain populations to exercise their voting rights. Historically, disenfranchisement has affected marginalized communities, including racial minorities and low-income individuals. In many countries, disenfranchisement can also manifest through laws that impose strict identification requirements or limit voting hours. These measures can disproportionately impact specific groups, leading to a lack of representation in government. Efforts to combat disenfranchisement often focus on promoting voter access and ensuring that all citizens can participate in the democratic process.