Ecological factors refer to the environmental conditions and influences that affect living organisms and their interactions within ecosystems. These factors include elements such as climate, soil type, water availability, and vegetation. They play a crucial role in determining the distribution and abundance of species, as well as their behaviors and adaptations. Additionally, ecological factors encompass interactions between organisms, such as predation, competition, and symbiosis. These relationships can shape community structures and influence the overall health of ecosystems. Understanding these factors is essential for conservation efforts and managing natural resources effectively.