Eastern Germany refers to the region that was part of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) from 1949 until reunification in 1990. This area includes states such as Saxony, Thuringia, and Brandenburg. The region is known for its rich history, cultural heritage, and significant industrial centers. After reunification, Eastern Germany faced economic challenges, including the transition from a planned economy to a market economy. Despite these difficulties, cities like Dresden and Leipzig have experienced revitalization and growth, becoming cultural and economic hubs in the country.