Earthquakes are sudden and intense shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth's surface. This movement can release energy that creates seismic waves, leading to the shaking we feel during an earthquake. The magnitude of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which helps determine its strength and potential impact. These natural events can cause significant damage to buildings, infrastructure, and can even lead to tsunamis if they occur under the ocean. Preparedness and understanding of seismic zones are crucial for minimizing risks associated with earthquakes, especially in areas prone to such activity.