The Earls of Caithness is a title in the Scottish peerage, first created in 1455. The title has a rich history, associated with the northern region of Caithness in Scotland. The earldom has seen various holders, often linked to the powerful Mackay and Sinclair families, who played significant roles in Scottish history. Throughout the centuries, the earldom has experienced periods of conflict and political intrigue, particularly during the Scottish Reformation and the Civil War. Today, the title is held by the Earl of Caithness, who is part of the modern British aristocracy, continuing the legacy of this historic title.