The Earls of Orkney were noble titles in the Scottish peerage, historically associated with the Orkney Islands. The title was first created in the 15th century and was held by various Scottish and Norwegian nobles. The earldom played a significant role in the governance and administration of the islands, influencing local politics and culture. The title became dormant in the 18th century but was later revived. The Earls of Orkney were often linked to the Norwegian crown, reflecting the islands' historical ties to Norway. Today, the title remains a part of Scotland's rich feudal history.